Problematic Grammar for Learners of Spanish: A Teacher Survey
(Version A of Survey)

 

Please answer the questions below (you can use Spanish or English) and read the instructions carefully before you answer. Thank you very much in advance for your time.

Name:

E-mail:

a)   What is your native language?

b)   What other languages do you speak?

c)  What levels of Spanish proficiency have you taught?

Beginning
Intermediate
Advanced


Instructions

You will be asked to indicate whether a given Spanish grammar structure (accompanied by an example) causes chronic problems for students over time or whether it ceases to be a problem as students progress. Indicate your response by clicking on the choice that best represents your perceptions with regard to the particular structure. If you are a nonnative speaker of Spanish, please answer the section the end of the survey.

Note: Different colors are used to highlight the grammar structure in question. The grammar forms themselves are bolded in blue and those in plain blue modify the grammar forms in terms of gender, number, or meaning.

 

 

Grammatical Structure

[Please Choose One]

1.

Uses of ser and estar to contrast between inherent or general characteristics and variable conditions

Miguel vive en Venezuela. Es un muchacho activo y simpático pero hoy está perezoso y enojado.

Continue to see errors even as the students progress.
Errors clear up as students progress.
Can't say.

2.

Verb gustar and other similar verbs (interesar/faltar/molestar/impresionar, etc.)

A Miguel le gusta la playa. A su novia Laura le gustan las montañas. A Miguel le interesan las actividades acuáticas pero le falta aprender a bucear.

Continue to see errors even as the students progress.
Errors clear up as students progress.
Can't say.

3.

Possessive adjectives (number agreement)

La familia de Miguel es pequeña. Sus padres están divorciados. Su padre vive en Buenos Aires y su madre en Rosario. Los padres de Laura murieron.

Continue to see errors even as the students progress.
Errors clear up as students progress.
Can't say.

4.

Present tense

Miguel no tiene hermanos. Laura, por el contrario, tiene dos hermanas y vive con ellas. Frecuentemente Miguel y Laura las invitan al cine.

Continue to see errors even as the students progress.
Errors clear up as students progress.
Can't say.

5.

Verbs that require a reflexive pronoun (aburrirse, cansarse, preocuparse, etc.)

Miguel se preocupa por su apariencia personal pero se cansa de la misma rutina todos los días cuando se prepara para ir al trabajo.

Continue to see errors even as the students progress.
Errors clear up as students progress.
Can't say.

6.

Ir a + infinitive to talk about the future

Laura normalmente toma el autobus para ir al trabajo pero mañana será diferente. "Mañana no voy a tomar el autobus. Mi hermana y yo vamos a tomar un taxi".

Continue to see errors even as the students progress.
Errors clear up as students progress.
Can't say.

7.

Question words ¿Cuánto(s)/a(s)? ¿Cuál(es)? ¿Quién(es)?

Hoy Miguel está en una reunión con su jefe. El jefe le dice que pronto debe ir a trabajar a otra oficina. Miguel está confundido y hace muchas preguntas.

Miguel:  ¿Cuál es la dirección de la nueva oficina? ¿Cuánto tiempo toma llegar allí? ¿Quiénes van a ser mis colegas?

Continue to see errors even as the students progress.
Errors clear up as students progress.
Can't say.

8.

Direct Object Pronouns

El jefe dice que es una oficina nueva. La compañía la compró en febrero y quiere contratar nuevos empleados. Miguel debe entrevistarlos y contratarlos.

Continue to see errors even as the students progress.
Errors clear up as students progress.
Can't say.

9.

Comparisons of superiority and inferiority with nouns and adjectives

Laura piensa que Miguel es más inteligente que sus colegas. También piensa que su novio tendrá menos problemas que los otros trabajadores para adaptarse a las nuevas responsabilidades.

Continue to see errors even as the students progress.
Errors clear up as students progress.
Can't say.

10.

Superlatives with nouns and adjectives

Miguel es el empleado que tiene más experiencia y es el más responsable. Definitivamente es el mejor.  

Continue to see errors even as the students progress.
Errors clear up as students progress.
Can't say.

11.

Present progressive

Laura llama a Miguel y le dice: "Estoy preparando una cena especial para celebrar".

Continue to see errors even as the students progress.
Errors clear up as students progress.
Can't say.

12.

Comparisons of equality with adjectives and adverbs

Miguel piensa en su trabajo.

Miguel: No soy tan bueno como mi jefe, pero voy a aprender. Voy a hacer todo tan organizadamente como él.

Continue to see errors even as the students progress.
Errors clear up as students progress.
Can't say.

13.

Indirect Object Pronouns   

Durante la cena, Miguel se emociona y le dice a Laura: "¿Quieres ser mi esposa?" Laura le responde a Miguel: "Sí". Laura y Miguel les escriben a sus amigos un correo electrónico para anunciar su compromiso.

Continue to see errors even as the students progress.
Errors clear up as students progress.
Can't say.

14.

Using both preterit and imperfect for narrating in the past

Note: Sky blue is used to indicate a phrase in the preterit and plum for a phrase in the imperfect.

Laura le escribe un mensaje a su amigo Gabriel y Miguel le hace una pregunta.

Miguel:   ¿Quién es Gabriel?

Laura:   Gabriel era mi vecino cuando vivíamos en Buenos Aires y éramos niños. Ayer hablé por teléfono con él y preguntó por ti.

Continue to see errors even as the students progress.
Errors clear up as students progress.
Can't say.

15.

Affirmative and negative formal (usted/ustedes) commands

Laura:  Necesitamos ordenar las invitaciones. Gabriel puede hacerlas.

Miguel:  Mi jefe siempre nos dice "contacten a expertos para cada tarea; no contacten a personas sin experiencia ni hagan las cosas que no saben hacer bien".

Continue to see errors even as the students progress.
Errors clear up as students progress.
Can't say.

16.

Conditional

Laura:     ¿A quiénes vamos a invitar a la boda?

Miguel:    Idealmente, yo invitaría a todos nuestros amigos, compraría la champaña más cara y serviría la comida más exquisita.

Continue to see errors even as the students progress.
Errors clear up as students progress.
Can't say.

17.

Lo + adjective

Laura:   Lo bueno de tener una gran fiesta es poder compartir con todos lo mejor de lo mejor. Lo malo es gastar demasiado dinero.

Continue to see errors even as the students progress.
Errors clear up as students progress.
Can't say.

18.

Indicative after specific people or objects vs. subjunctive after non-specific people or objects in adjective clauses

Note: Orange is used to indicate a phrase in the indicative and green for a phrase in the subjunctive.

Laura:   Tengo un amigo que organiza eventos sociales para empresas pero necesitamos una persona que organice fiestas de boda.

Continue to see errors even as the students progress.
Errors clear up as students progress.
Can't say.

19.

Subjunctive with expressions of emotion and with impersonal expressions

Laura:  Es bueno que llamemos a varias personas y pidamos referencias. Es importante que encontremos al organizador/a rápidamente.

Continue to see errors even as the students progress.
Errors clear up as students progress.
Can't say.

20.

Subjunctive with ojalá, tal vez, and quizás

Laura:  Quizás Gabriel conozca también unos buenos músicos y nos los recomiende.

Continue to see errors even as the students progress.
Errors clear up as students progress.
Can't say.

21.

Subjunctive with other adverbial clauses (con tal de que/a menos que)

Miguel:  Con tal de que Gabriel nos ayude, haremos cualquier cosa.

Continue to see errors even as the students progress.
Errors clear up as students progress.
Can't say.

22.

Pluperfect

Laura:   Recuerdo tu delicioso pastel de cumpleaños el año pasado. Antes del año pasado, ¿tu mamá y tu abuela habían preparado otros pasteles?

Miguel:   Sí. Ellas son expertas.

Continue to see errors even as the students progress.
Errors clear up as students progress.
Can't say.

23.

Imperfect Subjunctive

Laura:   En mi casa nadie hacía pasteles. Mi madre prefería que comiéramos frutas y verduras.

Continue to see errors even as the students progress.
Errors clear up as students progress.
Can't say.

24.

Pluperfect subjunctive

Miguel:  Muchas personas dudaban que mi madre y mi abuela hubieran participado en concursos y hubieran ganado varios premios.

Continue to see errors even as the students progress.
Errors clear up as students progress.
Can't say.

25.

Contrary-to-fact si-clauses (with subjunctive)

Laura:  Si yo no fuera tan mala para cocinar, les propondría abrir una pastelería.

Continue to see errors even as the students progress.
Errors clear up as students progress.
Can't say.

26.

Negative expressions (nada, nadie, ningún/ninguno/ninguna, nunca, jamás, tampoco, and ni...ni)

Miguel:  Yo nunca intenté cocinar y mi padre tampoco. La verdad es que no sé cocinar nada porque nadie me ha enseñó jamás. ¡Quiero aprender! Voy a llamar a Felipe.

Continue to see errors even as the students progress.
Errors clear up as students progress.
Can't say.

27.

Relative pronouns que, quien, lo que, el cual, la cual, los cuales, and las cuales

Laura:  ¿Quién es Felipe?

Miguel:  Felipe es el chico que conocí en un campamento de verano; es el amigo de quien te hablé ayer.

Continue to see errors even as the students progress.
Errors clear up as students progress.
Can't say.

28.

Passive voice

Miguel:  Felipe es mi amigo el médico, ¿no recuerdas? Felipe fundó el Hospital Infantil.

Laura:  ¿El hospital infantil fue fundado por Felipe?

Miguel:  Sí.

Continue to see errors even as the students progress.
Errors clear up as students progress.
Can't say.

29.

Simultaneous use of direct and indirect object pronouns

Miguel:  Debemos mandarle un carta a la abuela también. Es necesario mandársela pronto.

Laura:  Se la puedes escribir esta tarde. Si quieres me la puedes dar porque voy a ir a la oficina de correos mañana temprano.

Continue to see errors even as the students progress.
Errors clear up as students progress.
Can't say.

 


If you are a nonnative speaker of Spanish, please go back over this questionnaire and identify two or three grammar structures that continue to challenge you – that is, you either need to monitor your use of these structures so as not to make errors, or you find yourself making errors in their use. Indicate what strategies you employ to overcome your difficulties with these structures (see the definition and example on the first page of the questionnaire). Put the questionnaire number alongside the grammar structure to which you are referring.

 

 

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